This course aims to make students aware of the main hurdles inherent to cross-border disputes of a civil and commercial nature, both in judicial and arbitral courts, with a focus on the practice of litigation professions. Reference is made to the rules that are typically applied. Furthermore, students are expected to grasp the main practical issues arising from cross-border litigation and the strategic and tactical options that may exacerbate or mitigate the existing risks. The course further intends to highlight and analyse interactions between state and arbitral courts and, in the case of international arbitration, some of the specificities of being a litigation professional in an international setting.